Top 5 Considerations When Colouring Confections

With so many different types of natural colours, choosing the right one for your confection application can feel overwhelming. Whether you’re creating a boiled sweet, gummy, panned candy, marshmallow, or chocolate, there are some important factors to consider when choosing a natural colour. We’ve broken down the top 5 considerations when colouring confections to make your colour selection process easier.

The first thing you’ll need to consider is your product’s processing conditions. Will high heat be involved in the process? When will the colour be added? If your product undergoes a high heat treatment, it’s important to choose a heat stable natural colour. High temperatures during processing can cause certain colours, like spirulina and red beet, to fade. For example, hard candies and lollies are boiled to high temperatures for a long period of time, so make sure to use colours that have high heat stability, such as anthocyanins, beta-carotene, annatto, turmeric, and copper chlorophyll[in].

If you need to use colours with lower heat stability, like spirulina or beet, another solution is to add the colour later in the process. For gummies and boiled sweets, adding the colour during the cooling or forming stage helps reduce the chance of colour degradation, as can be seen with the Spirulina in the hard candies below. In general, the later the colour is added to the formulation the better, as it reduces heat exposure to the colour. And be sure to keep in mind that thermal conditions can vary from the lab to production scale.

Natural colours will behave differently based on the type of confection you’re working with. In a foam product or pulled hard candy, air is incorporated during the process which will reduce the impact of the colour making it appear lighter and less intense. In this case, you’ll need to overdose the colour (or add more colour than you need up front) to compensate for this.

If you’re working with a panned candy, the colour vibrancy of the final product will appear different depending on the base colour. If you pan the colour directly onto a chocolate base, the final colour will appear muted or dull, like in the image below. Panning on a white base layer, though, will allow for the colour to appear more vibrant since the base colour isn’t adding any dark undertones.

When making boiled sweets, the final clarity could be impacted by both the natural color you choose, and the other ingredients present in the mix. Sometimes you might want the boiled sweet to be clear, whereas others may need to have more of an opaque look. If clarity is an important factor to the final look, then choosing the correct natural color is an important consideration.

Every country has their own regulatory requirements, so it’s important to know where you’ll be selling your confection product as this can impact natural color selection. There may be different requirements depending on the region. For example, safflower is a great bright yellow option for confections in the EU, but it is not permitted as a color in the US. You’ll have to opt for a color like turmeric instead.

Even if a natural color is permitted for use in a certain region, there may still be limitations surrounding how it is used. Chlorophylls are widely used in the EU and Latin America for multiple applications, including confections, but are not permitted in the US outside of dry mix beverages. Other natural colors, such as annatto and carmine, have maximum use limits by specific application types.

The product formulation for your confection will also be important to consider when choosing a color since certain ingredients, like gelling agents, can impact natural colors in different ways. For example, different gelling agents for gummies will result in different base colors and clarity. In the case of copper chlorophyllin, a gelatin-based gummy will appear a dull, cloudy lime shade while a carrageenan-based gummy will be a clear, blue-green shade.

The pH of the system can also affect color. Anthocyanins, like Amaize® red, purple carrot, and elderberry, are pH sensitive colors. This means the hue will shift depending on the pH of the application. If you’re working with a confection at a low pH, such as a gummy or boiled sweet, anthocyanins will appear red. But if you try to use them at a higher pH, like in a marshmallow, the color will turn purple or start to fade.